开式离心纸浆泵叶轮流道内部流场PIV试验研究

为研究开式纸浆泵叶轮流道内纤维颗粒对液相流场的影响,采用透明有机玻璃材料制造模型样机,以清水和0.1%质量浓度的头发纤维悬浮液为介质,通过PIV试验对叶轮流道内的流动进行可视化研究.试验结果表明:当输送清水介质时,在大流量工况下叶轮流道内流动稳定,未出现旋涡和低速区;在小流量工况下,当叶轮流道旋转到蜗壳隔舌附近位置时,在叶轮流道中段压力面附近开始产生低速区,且低速区随着叶轮流道靠近隔舌位置和流量减小逐渐增大,在远离隔舌位置的叶轮流道内未产生明显的低速区;受叶片扭曲的影响,在叶轮流道内垂直于泵轴的不同截面上的相对速度大小不同,且随着叶片扭曲程度减小,相对速度差减小;输送头发纤维悬浮液介质时,在纤维颗粒的影响下,叶轮流道内的液相流动相对速度降低,导致在小流量工况下叶轮流道中段压力面附近低速区面积增大;在大流量工况下,纤维颗粒存在使液相流动的相对速度大小分布更均匀.     

高分子编结网片水动力特性水槽试验研究

高分子渔用材料在设施养殖和海洋渔业中的应用越来越广泛,对其水动力特性进行研究十分必要。试验采用不同网目系数和网线粗度的高分子编结试验网片进行水槽试验,倾角从0°变化到90°,设置水流速度从0.3 m/s开始,以0.1 m/s为梯度,逐渐增大至1.3 m/s。为减小尾流和湍流对试验结果的影响,使用流线型框架固定装配。经试验得到以下结果:(1)在网片与水流垂直时,阻力系数有随网目系数增大而增大的趋势,而在网片与水流平行时,阻力系数随网目系数增大而减小。(2)阻力系数有随雷诺数增大而逐渐减少的趋势,网片平面与流体运动方向速度垂直时,阻力系数在13001500后阻力系数变化不大。(3)阻力系数随着冲角的增大而增大并最终趋于稳定值。(4)升阻力系数比(K)在总体上有随倾角变大而先变大再变小的趋势,K的极值均出现在20°到30°内,最大K值约为0.41。(5)网片与水流垂直时,在1000相似文献   

拖拉机室内台架试验技术现状与展望

作为拖拉机研发的重要验证手段，拖拉机室内台架试验可方便高效地为拖拉机模拟各种工况下的性能表现。首先探究动力总成控制技术、负载模拟技术、试验数据处理技术和试验结果评价技术4种拖拉机室内台架试验关键技术，结合试验技术的最新研究进展，对4种技术进行详细的阐述和分析。接着从动力总成控制算法、负载模拟算法、试验数据处理方法、试验结果评价指标体系4个方面对拖拉机室内台架试验技术进行讨论与展望。最后得出对动力总成算法进行优化、提高动态负载模拟精度、保持试验数据处理方法的前沿性、对试验结果综合客观评价是拖拉机室内台架试验技术的发展趋势，以期为我国拖拉机室内台架试验技术的发展提供参考。     

生乳储运条件对品质影响的探究

菌落总数是衡量生乳品质的重要指标之一。生乳中菌落总数基数越大,其品质越不稳定。但因为奶源产地等原因,生乳必须经过一段时间运输才能到达乳品企业进行生产,运输过程可能由于微生物繁殖导致生乳品质下降。试验选取菌落总数基数不同的两批生乳,通过在2~6 ℃和10~15 ℃条件下存放,模拟生乳在冷藏储运和脱冷储运状态下,分别储存24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h后进行菌落总数、酒精试验、酸度及脂肪酶活力检测。通过对比,找到生乳最佳储存温度和运输时间,为乳品企业和冷链运输提供参考。     

山西南部苹果花期冻害时空分布特征及综合防御技术

利用1997—2016年山西南部苹果主产县(市、区)苹果花期逐日最低气温及日平均气温观测资料，根据苹果花期冻害等级划分指标，采用最小二乘法对花期冻害日数进行线性倾向估计，并用Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法对花期冻害日数的变化趋势进行显著性检验，分析山西南部苹果花期冻害的时空分布特征。结果表明: 山西省南部苹果产区发生花期冻害日数年均为3.1 d，各县花期均温介于13.0℃~13.8℃之间。运城地区4月中上旬易发生冻害，临汾地区吉县与隰县4月下旬易发生冻害；山西南部苹果花期冻害日数近20 a气候倾向率为-0.666 d·（10 a）^-1（P≤0.01），花期极端最低气温气候倾向率为0.165 d·（10 a）^-1（P≤0.01），花期极端最低气温与冻害日数具有极显著负相关关系。山西南部苹果花期冻害日数突变点在2008年，且在2015年之后苹果花期冻害日数突破α=0.05显著性水平下限。对于苹果花期冻害的综合防御措施，可采用“以防为主，抗补结合”策略。     

青饲料收获机切碎辊刀具的优化设计及试验

青饲料收获机切碎辊刀具的设计直接影响秸秆的切割质量。刀具与秸秆接触时的受力分析表明，切割力与秸秆的压应力有关，而压应力不仅与秸秆物理特性有关，也与刀刃的倾斜角有关。利用Ansys-Workbench有限元软件进行仿真分析，结果表明,当刀具材料为65Mn、刀具厚度为8 mm、刀尖倾斜角度为30°时，刀具的等效应力最小。以秸秆层厚度、刀具倾斜角、秸秆含水率为试验因素，以切割装置切割秸秆时的扭矩值为试验指标，通过正交试验及交互作用分析，确定了因素对指标影响的主次关系为：A2>C2>B2>A>BC>AC>C>B，当秸秆层厚度7.5 cm、刀具倾斜角度35°、秸秆含水率35%时，刀辊扭矩值最小。验证试验结果表明选取的较优参数组合真实可行。该研究为新型刀具及防堵刀辊的机理研究提供了理论和试验借鉴。     

一例湖羊纤维素性肺炎的病理组织学观察

为探究四川省某养殖场湖羊患病情况,以1只发病湖羊为例,研究观察病羊临床症状、解剖变化,采用H.E.染色方法分析病羊实质器官病理组织学变化,并从病羊中分离出菌株Z-1,采用生理生化、16S rDNA基因测序对其鉴定,采用腹腔注射对菌株Z-1进行动物回感试验,纸片扩散法对菌株Z-1进行药敏分析。结果表明:患病羊病症有高热、剧烈咳嗽并伴有喘气,口鼻周围可见黄色浓稠分泌物;解剖变化为多个实质器官明显肿大、充血,肺脏充血、颜色暗红,切开有血样泡沫状液体流出;病理组织切片可见肺、肝、脾等组织细胞肿胀、充血、出血,肺泡腔和细支气管中有大量粉红色纤维素性渗出物,炎性细胞浸润;菌株Z-1为革兰氏阳性菌,乳糖、七叶苷和山梨醇等生化反应呈阳性反应,木糖醇、甘露糖和蜜二糖等生化反应呈阴性反应;16S rDNA基因目的片段长度为1 428bp,与菌株NR_026471的相似性达到98%,综合鉴定为链球菌;动物回感试验表明该菌株对小鼠具有很强的致病性;药敏试验表明该菌株对氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和庆大霉素等敏感,对氨苄西林、青霉素和拉氧头孢等耐药。综上,该病湖羊患链球菌感染的纤维素性肺炎。     

Influence of soil phosphorus status,texture, pH and metal content on the efficacy of amendments to pig slurry in reducing phosphorus losses

Cost‐effective strategies for using chemically amended organic fertilizers need to be developed to minimize nutrient losses in surface and groundwater. Coupling specific soil physical and chemical characteristics with amendment type could increase their effectiveness. This study investigated how water‐extractable phosphorus (P) was affected by chemical amendments added to pig slurry and how this effect varied with soil properties. A 3‐month incubation study was conducted on 18 different mineral soils, stored at 10 °C and 75% humidity and treated with unamended and amended slurry which was incorporated at a rate equivalent to 19 kg total P (TP )/ha. The amendments examined were commercial‐grade liquid alum, applied at a rate of 0.88:1 [Al:TP ], and commercial‐grade liquid poly‐aluminium chloride (PAC ), applied at a rate of 0.72:1 [Al:TP ]. These amendments were previously identified by the authors as being effective in reducing incidental losses of P. The efficacy of the amendments varied with the soil test P, the degree of P saturation (DPS ) and the Mehlich aluminium, iron and calcium, but not soil texture. Chemical amendments were most effective in soils with DPS over approximately 20%. Due to their high cost, the incorporation of amendments into existing management practices can only be justified as part of a holistic management plan where soils have high DPS .     

Long-Term and Immediate Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Chronic Lameness in the Horse: A Pilot Study

The effects of whole body vibration (WBV) in horses with chronic lameness were evaluated in an experimental, single subject, repeated measure design. To assess the long-term effect of WBV, eight horses not previously exposed to WBV were subject to WBV, 30 minutes twice daily, five days a week, for 60 days in addition to their regular exercise routine. Lameness was assessed subjectively and objectively 30 days before the start, at the start and 30 and 60 days after the start of the treatment (WBV). The immediate effect of WBV was assessed in four horses accustomed to WBV, by comparing lameness before and within 30 minutes of a single 30-minute WBV session at four different time intervals. Change in lameness was sought using paired t tests on the kinematic data. A P-value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Intraindividual change was sought using a subjective and objective scoring system. No statistically significant change in lameness was seen after 30 or 60 days of WBV, respectively, in the chronically lame horses not previously exposed to WBV. However, a trend toward improvement was observed after the first 30 days of WBV, but this improvement appeared to be lost during the second 30 days of WBV. Although a statistically significant worsening of front limb lameness was seen immediately after a single 30-minute WBV session in the chronically lame horses accustomed to WBV, this result was largely attributed to a very significant worsening of the front limb lameness in one horse within that group.     

半滑舌鳎溃疡病原杀鲑气单胞菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)是广受我国消费者认可的名优鱼类,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,然而,随着工厂化养殖模式的不断发展,疾病成为制约半滑舌鳎养殖业健康发展的关键因素,其中,体表溃疡病为其常见病症。从严重溃疡病半滑舌鳎体内分离到1株优势菌株HX0416,该菌可在TCBS培养基上生长,并可在绵羊血平板上形成清晰的β-溶血环;经过16S rRNA和rpo D基因序列同源性分析并结合生化特性鉴定为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)。健康半滑舌鳎幼鱼感染试验表明,该菌对半滑舌鳎具有较强致病性,感染72 h(1.04×106cfu·m L-1)对攻毒鱼的致死率达91.7%。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星等喹诺酮类和头孢曲松、头孢吡肟等头孢菌素类药物比较敏感,而对硫酸新霉素、土霉素等氨基糖苷类和四环素类药物多重耐药,尤其是对磺胺甲噁唑、氨苄西林等磺胺类和β-内酰胺类药物严重耐药。